In general, citations for unreported cases include the name of the court, the date of the decision, and the file number assigned by the court. For example: Sø- og Handelsrettens dom af 3. Update 2018 I sag nr. V-17-17 (judgment of the Maritime and Commercial Court of 3 May in case No. V-17-17). Some authors format these citations to mimic the “short citation” of published cases. R. v. (name): The R. means “Regina”, the Latin word for queen or “rex”, the Latin word for king; The “V.” stands for versus or contra; In criminal proceedings, for example, the name of the case is called “R v. Smith” or “The Queen vs. Smith.” When the monarch on the throne becomes king, the “R.” refers to the “king”; Some very old Supreme Court cases have strange quotes, such as Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S.
(1 Ranch) 137 (1803). The “(1 Cranch)” refers to the fact that before there was a series of journalists known as United States Reports compiled by the Supreme Court decision reporter, cases were collected, linked and sold privately by the reporter of the Court`s decisions. In this example, Marbury is first mentioned in an edition of William Cranch, responsible for publishing Supreme Court reports from 1801 to 1815. These reports, named after the person who collected them and therefore called “nominative reports”, existed from 1790 to 1874. Beginning in 1874, the U.S. government produced the United States Reports and simultaneously numbered volumes that had previously been privately published as part of a single series, and began numbering consecutively. In this way, “5 U.S. (1 Trench)” means that it is the 5th U.S. Complete volume of the United States Reports series, but the first originally published by William Cranch; four volumes of statements were published (e.g., by Alexander Dallas (e.g., “4 U.S.
(4 Dall.)”), and after the 9 volumes of Cranch, another 12 were published by Henry Wheaton (e.g., “15 U.S. (2 Wheat.)”). See Supreme Court of the United States Reporter of Decisions for other publishing names. The name of the rapporteur of the decisions has not been used in the citations since the U.S. government began printing the U.S. reports. Appellant: the person who appeals a court decision or other decision; These are common abbreviations for what happened in court. The outcome of a case is called a decision. `Registrar` means an official of the Registry or “Register” who receives documents for submission to the Court and is empowered to confirm or confirm decisions on behalf of the Court; Citations of decisions published in a journalist typically include the journalist`s name or abbreviation, the year or volume, the page number on which the decision begins (sometimes followed by an identification number if there is more than one judgment on a page), and the name or abbreviation of the court that decided the case. For example, Aalborg Kloster, a Supreme Court decision on strict liability, is published in Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen volume 1968 as the second judgment at page 84.
A citation from this case could take the form U.1968.84/2H, UfR 1968 84/2 H, Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen 1968, p. 84/2, or something similar. In this case, U, UfR and Ugeskrift designate the rapporteur for Retsvæsen, 1968 the year or volume, 84 the home page, /2 indicates that the judgment is the second on that particular page, and H indicates the court that decided the case. In practice, most lawyers go even further once they have crafted the appropriate citation for a case using the rules discussed above. Most court opinions include involvement on multiple issues, so lawyers must cite on the page that contains the specific position they want to invoke in their own case. These quotes are called pinpoint cites, “pin cites” or “jump cites”. [24] A vendor-neutral citation movement[29] has led to provisions for citations in web-based cases and other legal documents. Some courts have amended their rules to explicitly include cases “published” on the Internet. The abbreviations of lower courts vary from state to state, as each state has its own system of trial courts and intermediate courts of appeal.
If a case appears in both an official journalist and a regional journalist, both quotes can be used. In general, it is preferable to quote the regional journalist, as out-of-state lawyers are more likely to have access.
