Study of the law and structure of the legal system A claim filed by a plaintiff against a defendant on the basis of a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. The opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position in court and also to answer questions from judges. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. The chapter of the Insolvency Code, which provides for the settlement of debts of a “family farmer” or “family fisher”, as defined in the Insolvency Act.
Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. Bankruptcy judges on regular active duty in each district; a unit of the District Court. The function of the federal courts that takes place at the beginning of criminal proceedings – after a person has been arrested and charged with a federal crime and before they appear in court. Pre-Investigation Service officials are focusing on investigating the background of these individuals in order to assist the court in deciding whether to release or detain them pending trial. The decision is based on the likelihood that these individuals will flee or pose a threat to the community.
If the court orders release, a pre-trial officer supervises the person in the community until the person returns to court. Possibility of conviction in federal courts. With probation, instead of sending a person to prison, the court releases the person into the community and orders them to undergo a period of supervision supervised by a U.S. probation officer and comply with certain conditions. The legal power of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. It is also used as a synonym for jurisdiction, i.e. the geographical area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to rule on cases. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. A document that commences insolvency proceedings and contains basic information about the debtor, including the name, address, chapter under which the case is filed and estimated assets and liabilities. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute.
A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. The release of an inmate – granted by the U.S. Parole Board – after the inmate has served part of his sentence in a federal prison. If the probation officer is released into the community, he or she will be placed under the supervision of an American probation officer. The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. Imprisonment for two or more offences to be served simultaneously and not consecutively. Example: Two five-year prison sentences and a three-year term if served at the same time result in a maximum of five years behind bars. An amount that a defendant pays to a plaintiff in a civil proceeding if the plaintiff won.
Damages (for loss or injury) or punishment (to punish and deter future misconduct). Written statements submitted to the court outlining a party`s legal or factual allegations about the case. With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages).
